The overwhelming majority of the signers of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 were Christians. About half (roughly 32 to 34 signers) were affiliated with the Anglican Church, including George Washington.
A few key signers—most notably Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams—are often associated with Deism or Enlightenment rationalism. However, they still operated within a broadly Christian cultural framework. For instance:
- Jefferson believed in God and moral teachings of Jesus but rejected the Trinity and miracles.
- Franklin described himself as a Deist but often spoke positively about religion’s role in public virtue.
- Adams was a devout Christian, though critical of Calvinist doctrines.
Providence in the Revolutionary War
“The hand of Providence has been so conspicuous in all this, that he must be worse than an infidel that lacks faith.”
— George Washington in a letter to Thomas Nelson, August 20, 1778
General Washington frequently spoke of “Providence” in his writings, referring to seemingly miraculous events which benefitted the American cause and led to the extremely improbable result of thirteen little colonies defeating the world’s most powerful empire.
A few examples:
The Fog at Brooklyn Heights (1776)
After the Battle of Long Island, Washington’s army was trapped by British forces. A thick fog descended unexpectedly, allowing his troops to retreat safely across the East River without British interference.
- Many viewed this fog as a miraculous act of divine intervention.
- Even British officers later admitted they were baffled by the escape.
The Storm That Saved Washington at Dorchester Heights (1776)
Washington fortified Dorchester Heights to threaten British-held Boston. A storm delayed British attacks long enough for the Americans to finish fortifications.
- The British decided against assaulting the position.
- Many patriots saw this as an act of God protecting the Continental Army.
The Victory at Saratoga (1777)
The American victory at Saratoga convinced France to join the war on the American side.
- Clergy and political leaders interpreted this as a sign that God was guiding the cause of liberty.
- Congress declared national days of thanksgiving in response.
Happy Independence Day, America!
Child of God, husband, father, grandfather, rabblerouser, songwriter, pot stirrer, waiting for the King.